Of good plants and useless weeds: planning as a spatial technology of the gardening state

The article deploys Bauman’s metaphor of the ‘gardening’ state to consider the imbrication of planning and the dark side of modernity. It interrogates the public production and defence of urban spaces suitable for people deemed to have value. Using empirical material from urban Zimbabwe, I frame planning as a spatial technology of the gardening state and peer into its handling of informality under two main themes: first, the perception, construction and designation of ‘weeds’, and second, the declaration and treatment of the ‘weeds’. Situating Bauman’s metaphor in the nexus between planning, the state and informality, I conclude that the metaphor paints a helpful but inadequate picture. I argue that while the metaphor is helpful with regards to the first theme, refinements are needed in its application to the second. Rather than see planning enforcement as a rational-scientific practice, a nuanced conceptualisation is needed that explicitly acknowledges the messy business of politics

Governing enclaves of informality: unscrambling the logic of the camp in urban Zimbabwe

The warehousing of informals in designated enclaves is a common strategy for the government of urban informality in the global South. In this article, I unscramble state-operated enclaves of informality in Zimbabwe. The article scrutinises two types of enclave: a flea market and a holding camp. I extend Agamben’s politico-juridical construction to the social and economic realm. I question claims of inclusion in flea markets by juxtaposing a ‘soft’ zone of indistinction (flea market) with a ‘hard’ zone of indistinction (holding camp), arguing that both spaces are dump sites for homo sacer. I draw attention to the construction of bare life in both enclaves and emphasise the condition of rightlessness and the delimiting of the value of informals to bare life. Reflecting on the extent to which these spaces manifest the logic of the camp, I argue that both are spaces of exception

Teaching Grammar-in-context and Its Impact in Minimizing Students\u27 Grammatical Errors

This study is conducted to determine theeffectiveness of teaching grammar-in-context tominimize students‘ grammatical errors in writing. Thedesign of the study was a quasi-experimental with anon-randomized pretest-posttest control group. Thesamples of the study were taken from the population ofthe tenth-grade students. The control group was taughtby conventional grammar which was separately givenwith writing skills. Likewise, the experimental one wastreated by teaching grammar-in-context. The results ofthe study showed that the mean score in the post-testwas higher than that in the pretest; and the mean scoreof experimental group increased 16.20 point after thetreatment. This result indicated that teaching grammarin-context is considered to be effective in minimizingstudents‘ grammatical errors in writing

Profil Keterampilan Proses Sains Fisika Siswa SMA di Kota Lubuklinggau pada Pokok Bahasan Listrik Dinamis

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeksripsikan profil keterampilan proses sains (KPS) fisika siswa di SMA Kota Lubuklinggau pada materi listrik dinamis. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa SMA kelas XII semester ganjil di sma Negeri 1, MAN 1 Model dan SMA Negeri 5 di Lubuklinggau. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purpossive sampling. Metode Deskriptif kualitatitif. Data dianalisa secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil data penelitian KPS fisika siswa kelas XII IPA pada pokok bahasan Listrik Dinamis disimpulkan (1) Keterampilan proses sains fisika siswa kelas XI IPA pada pokok bahasan suhu dan kalor di MA Al-Muhajirin Tugumulyo adalah terampil, dan (2) Solusi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan ketersediaan aspek KPS adalah melatih dan dilatih dengan pendekatan KPS fisika siswa agar ketersediaan aspek KPS siswa dapat muncul/tersedia. Adapun aspek KPS yang perlu dilatih dan melatih adalah keterampilan klasifikasi, mengkomunikasikan, berhipotesis, menerapkan konsep, bereksperimen, menggunakan alat dan bahan, interprestasi dan mengajukan pertanyaan. Persentase peningkatan KPS yakni, keterampilan observasi 90,3%, keterampilan klasifikasi 85,3%, keterampilan interpretasi 87,2%, keterampilan prediksi 80,4 %, keterapilan merencanakan percobaan atau penyelidikan 92,6%, keterampilan menggunakan alat dan bahan 92,1%, keterampilan menerapkan konsep atau prinsip 82,3%, keterampilan berkomunikasi 89,4%, keterampilan mengajukan pertanyaan 95,1%, dan keterampilan berhipotesis 81,2%. Sehingga secara keseluruhan terjadinya peningkatan yang signifikan 87,3% KPS siswanya

E-portfolio MSC indicator for a virtual learning environment

This study was conducted to identify indicators for the use of e-portfolio for a virtual learning environment in the Malaysian Skills Certification (MSC) system. The approach is through a modified Delphi technique run in three stages. The first stage is analysis of past research material and documents as guidelines in the development of questionnaire items. In the second and third stages, the developed questionnaire is distributed to experts for approval in determining e-portfolio indicators for implementation of the Malaysian Skills Certification system. The sample selected consists of 11 experts in the field of skills certification in Malaysia. Feedback from the experts was analysed using descriptive statistics (mean, median and interquartile range). The findings identify four elements (Assessment, Personal Space, Exhibition and Learning Management) and 32 indicators through a literature review. In conclusion, there are 22 indicators were identified as necessary for the implementation of the use of the e-portfolio in the Malaysian Skills Certification system

Numerical modeling of dynamic powder compaction using the Kawakita equation of state

Dynamic powder compaction is analyzed using the assumption that the powder behaves, while it is being compacted, like a hydrodynamic fluid in which deviatoric stress and heat conduction effects can be ignored throughout the process. This enables techniques of computational fluid dynamics such the equilibrium flux method to be used as a modeling tool. The equation of state of the powder under compression is assumed to be a modified version of the Kawakita loading curve. Computer simulations using this model are performed for conditions matching as closely as possible with those from experiments by Page and Killen [Powder Metall. 30, 233 (1987)]. The numerical and experimental results are compared and a surprising degree of qualitative agreement is observed

The Internet AS-Level Topology: Three Data Sources and One Definitive Metric

We calculate an extensive set of characteristics for Internet AS topologies extracted from the three data sources most frequently used by the research community: traceroutes, BGP, and WHOIS. We discover that traceroute and BGP topologies are similar to one another but differ substantially from the WHOIS topology. Among the widely considered metrics, we find that the joint degree distribution appears to fundamentally characterize Internet AS topologies as well as narrowly define values for other important metrics. We discuss the interplay between the specifics of the three data collection mechanisms and the resulting topology views. In particular, we show how the data collection peculiarities explain differences in the resulting joint degree distributions of the respective topologies. Finally, we release to the community the input topology datasets, along with the scripts and output of our calculations. This supplement should enable researchers to validate their models against real data and to make more informed selection of topology data sources for their specific needs.Comment: This paper is a revised journal version of cs.NI/050803

Josephson-phase qubit without tunneling

We show that a complete set of one-bit gates can be realized by coupling the two logical states of a phase qubit to a third level (at higher energy) using microwave pulses. Thus, one can achieve coherent control without invoking any tunneling between the qubit levels. We propose two implementations, using rf-SQUIDs and d-wave Josephson junctions.Comment: REVTeX4, 4pp., 6 EPS figure files; N.B.: "Alec" is my first, and "Maassen van den Brink" my family name. v2: gate universality fleshed out, small fix in d-wave decoherence para, discussion expanded, two Refs. added. v3: some more Refs., a molecular example, and a few minor fixes; final, to appear in PRB Rapid